This report examines the economic and environmental impacts of slow steaming - also referred to as vessel speed reduction (VSR) for distant economies, addressing the issue from a shipper´s/trade point of view. The study explains the various parameters that need to be considered when evaluating slow steaming and what the environmental and economic impacts are across a varied vessel types, fleet, distance, and cargo. This economic impact analysis is based on total annual trade in 2017 (full year volume) between the long-distance economies’ pairs (export and import economies), in both total volume in kilos and value in US dollars, for dry bulk and containerized cargoes.