• We, the Ministers and their representatives from Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; The Republic of the Philippines; The Russian Federation; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; The United States and Viet Nam; representatives of the APEC Secretariat; observers from the Pacific Island Forum met in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, on 28th-29th of September 2002 in response to the recommendation made by the APEC Economic Leaders in Shanghai, China in 2001, to hold a Second Ministerial Meeting on Women (SMMW) in Mexico 2002, as an opportunity to make further progress on the integration of gender issues in APEC's work.
  
  
• The main theme of the meeting was "Advancing Women's Economic Interests and Opportunities in the New Economy" with women's entrepreneurship, microenterprises and the impact of trade liberalisation on women as the three major sub-themes. Special attention was paid to the continuation of gender integration within APEC and the role of economies in sustaining this important work.
  
  
• Globalisation is expected to deliver overall economic benefits. However, it also gives rise in the short term to adjustment costs, which are disproportionately borne by women, who predominate in the lower income groups and therefore are most vulnerable in times of economic restructuring associated with trade liberalisation and during periodic economic crises.
  
  
• This is the Second Ministerial Meeting on Women, with the first being held in Manila, Philippines in October 1998. The First Ministerial Meeting set into motion the important work done on gender integration in APEC. The theme of the first Ministerial Meeting was "Women in Economic Development and Cooperation in APEC"; with regard to sub-themes, Small and Medium Enterprises, Science and Technology and Human Resources Development.

5. We commend APEC on the actions taken to ensure gender integration and further participation of women across all APEC fora.
6. We recognise and applaud the work of the SOM Ad Hoc Task Force on the Integration of Women in APEC, chaired by New Zealand, Canada and the Philippines, in developing the Framework for the Integration of Women in APEC ("Framework"), as well as the Ad Hoc Advisory Group on Gender Integration (AGGI), chaired by Korea and Australia, on the work accomplished to date.
7. AGGI has successfully completed each of the five critical tasks assigned by Senior Officials, as follows:

• Developed and recommended gender criteria for use, as appropriate, in project proposals, approval and evaluation (led by Australia);
• Developed and recommended format and processes for annual monitoring by SOM of the progress achieved in the implementation of the Framework, and analysed the results;
• Developed and conducted gender information sessions and provided gender advice to most APEC fora on the Framework (led by the Philippines);
• Published the compilation of best practices on gender integration in APEC fora and economies (led by Canada);
• Conducted and developed a gender statistics workshop focused on use and analysis of sex-disaggregated data to evaluate the status and contribution of women and men in APEC economies, (led by the United States).

8. AGGI has also met the final task assigned, to provide recommendations on the next steps in gender integration and the further implementation of the Framework.

9. Canada, on behalf of AGGI, funded and undertook a Review of Gender Integration in APEC to document how APEC mechanisms have been integrating gender between ministerial meetings. Progress has been achieved in raising awareness of gender integration across APEC fora. There is widespread recognition of the relevance of gender to APEC's work, although there is a view that gender integration is more relevant to some fora than others.

10. The next step for APEC is to deepen its capacity to address gender concerns in its substantive work, focusing on priority issues such as trade. In crosscutting issues such as gender, the support of the APEC Secretariat is invaluable in ensuring that these issues are incorporated into the work of APEC fora. Key factors will be an investment in gender expertise within the APEC Secretariat and in APEC's sectoral fora, backed up by vigorous and creative initiatives to communicate the relevance of gender to APEC's ECOTECH and TILF agendas.

11. We recognise the pioneering role played by the Women Leaders' Network (WLN) in introducing gender issues into APEC's work. We look forward to WLN's contribution to and support for the Gender Focal Point Network.

12. AGGI has also met the final task assigned, to provide recommendations on the next steps in gender integration and the further implementation of the Framework.

13. Canada, on behalf of AGGI, funded and undertook a Review of Gender Integration in APEC to document how APEC mechanisms have been integrating gender between ministerial meetings. Progress has been achieved in raising awareness of gender integration across APEC fora. There is widespread recognition of the relevance of gender to APEC's work, although there is a view that gender integration is more relevant to some fora than others.

14. The next step for APEC is to deepen its capacity to address gender concerns in its substantive work, focusing on priority issues such as trade. In crosscutting issues such as gender, the support of the APEC Secretariat is invaluable in ensuring that these issues are incorporated into the work of APEC fora. Key factors will be an investment in gender expertise within the APEC Secretariat and in APEC's sectoral fora, backed up by vigorous and creative initiatives to communicate the relevance of gender to APEC's ECOTECH and TILF agendas.

15. We recognise the pioneering role played by the Women Leaders' Network (WLN) in introducing gender issues into APEC's work. We look forward to WLN's contribution to and support for the Gender Focal Point Network.

16. The ability to describe and measure the economic activity of women is critical to addressing barriers to their participation in the economy. The lack of data makes it difficult to identify areas where women's representation is markedly different to that of men and allows distortions in policy and business environments, making policy interventions difficult. We welcome the APEC study on sex-disaggregated data that will delineate the areas where women and men participate in economic activities in the APEC region and will make recommendations for improvements in data collection and analysis.

13. Globalisation can be a powerful force for stimulating growth and development in the region with resulting higher living standards and improved social well-being for our communities. However, vulnerabilities in certain labour markets limit the extent of these benefits. We resolve to work to ensure that the challenges globalisation presents for women, including indigenous women, are met and that the benefits of structural reform and a globalised marketplace reach all our communities, including the most disadvantaged.

14. In order to achieve full benefits of economic integration and economic restructuring brought by the New Economy, APEC members recognize the need to eliminate gender inequalities in all aspects of social and economic life, recognising the value of the multiple roles that women play in the economy, as well as recognising the double burden of paid and unpaid work. We also recognize the significant contribution of women in APEC economies and that society, as a whole, will gain from equal participation in policy and decision-making processes.

15. Women-owned or managed businesses have become a significant economic power as well as a major economic instrument for sustainable development. Gender equality is a prerequisite for the promotion of women's opportunities and participation in business activities at all sectors, as there are continuing barriers for women in their access to resources (credit, skills training, policy environment, among others).

16. To achieve APEC's goal of promoting regional prosperity and improving the well being of people, the economic policies and programs of APEC members must support women's participation in various economic activities and entrepreneurial development.

17. We were pleased to have an extensive and informative dialogue with business women and women entrepreneurs who attended the Ministerial Meeting and we encourage increased exchange of information with women experts by all APEC fora. Women's microenterprises

18. We recognize that microenterprises are especially important to women, as their entrepreneurship activity is concentrated in micro businesses. One of the main challenges women face is their lack of ownership of assets to be used as collateral for credit. Microfinance organizations that serve people without access to traditional financial services are filling that void. Microfinance is not a panacea. It must be complemented by other business services, such as market access, and efforts to improve the enabling environment for microenterprises.

19. We acknowledged that APEC is well suited to play a leading role in contributing to the integration of microenterprises in the globalisation process. We welcomed the efforts undertaken during APEC 2002 to explore ways to assist people engaged in microenterprises reap the benefits of open markets and globalisation.

20. Microenterprise development is a key part of making progress towards APEC objectives in terms of gender equity, poverty alleviation, and economic growth. Thus we welcome the creation of a sub-group within the SMEWG to address microenterprise development and encourage the sub-group to recognize the unique challenges faced by women when developing its terms of reference and action plan.

21. We commend APEC's trade and investment liberalisation efforts which have resulted in strong regional economic growth and development. This regional growth has also resulted in increased participation by women in all facets of the economic life of the region.

22. APEC's experience demonstrates that globalisation can be a positive force for reducing poverty and therefore can improve the lives of women. However, the positive outcomes have not been evenly spread across all economic sectors. Much remains to be done to ensure that women reap the benefits of trade liberalisation and, particularly, that rural women and women working in traditional industries have access to the improvements in standard of living which flow from responsible, comprehensive liberalisation policies. We urge member economies to consider the negative impact on rural women and their communities of continuing high levels of agricultural protectionism. We encourage member economies to pay attention to women who are dislocated through structural changes (such as in low-skill manufacturing industries) as a result of trade liberalisation.

23. The gender dimension of trade liberalisation has so far received little attention within APEC. There are significant differences in the ways that trade liberalisation affects men and women. We recognise that in some sectors women may bear a disproportionate share of the costs of trade liberalisation, such as job losses and inferior work conditions, in addition to exacerbating existing gender inequalities. These differences must be taken into account when policies and programs are being designed so that trade liberalisation truly contributes to "shared prosperity for all".

24. Better information is the first pre-requisite for the design of more effective policy responses relating to economic restructuring, including trade liberalisation. Further research and more systematic and comprehensive sex-disaggregated data are needed in assessing the impacts of trade liberalisation on women.

25. Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the fastest growing fields in the world economy today. However, women are still faced with many obstacles. While the gap in internet access between women and men is decreasing, there is a new form of divide. The gender digital divide in terms of qualitative access to the Internet is growing. Policies and projects should be devised and implemented to ensure that women gain quality access to this field and enjoy the benefits.

26. We support APEC's human capacity-building work and the impetus within APEC for the spread of ICT, including the APEC Leaders 2000 Brunei Internet Access Goals, to assist in overcoming the digital divide. We recommend that all APEC members and fora consider gender perspectives and work actively to eliminate barriers to the participation of women in new technologies and the new economy.

We recognise the important steps that have been take to integrate gender into APEC processes and activities. We strongly urge APEC to build on these efforts by:

• Continuing to promote gender integration and recognise gender as a cross-cutting issue in APEC;
• Reviewing and assessing the progress toward the implementation of the Framework for the Integration of Women in APEC;
• Considering issues relevant to women's economic interests and opportunities;
• Acknowledging the gender integration achievements within APEC and APEC economies.

1. Mandate the implementation of the Gender Focal Point Network (GFPN), with its roles and responsibilities and recommend that this network be implemented immediately by directing that:

• All fora appoint a Gender Focal Point and call upon economies to appoint their Economy Gender Focal Point to be active members of the GFPN.
• The role of the Women Leaders' Network and ABAC be supported to play an active role in the Gender Focal Point Network.
• The Gender Focal Point Network develops an Action Plan to outline the substantive work that APEC needs to undertake for the periods between each Ministerial Meeting.
• Biennial Ministerial Meetings on Women are held to sustain the momentum and leadership for gender integration.

2. Intensify the work of APEC and APEC economies on the three elements of the Framework, namely gender analysis, sex-disaggregated data and the participation of women, designed to bring about a better understanding of the gender-differentiated impact of economic adjustment brought by the New Economy through:

   a) Gender-analysis: APEC fora should intensify the integration of a gender perspective and analysis in their work, by promoting more gender and trade projects and studies combined with a vigorous communications strategy to disseminate the results.
   b) Sex-disaggregated data: APEC economies should address the need for more systematic and comprehensive collection of sex-disaggregated data and on the contribution of unpaid work of women, for example through the APEC sex-disaggregated data study.
   c) Participation of women: APEC economies to identify women experts with a view to increasing the participation of women in all APEC activities including more appointments of women in APEC fora, as well as in the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) and the APEC Secretariat.

3. Acknowledge the importance of developing data indicators and conducting time use surveys of women?s unpaid work in order to better assess and measure the contribution of women to the economy.

4. Encourage APEC economies to develop and review laws and regulations relating to gender inequalities in working conditions as well as support the development of women entrepreneurs through measures such as access to business development programs, export financing schemes and market access programs.

5. In recognising the unique contribution of indigenous peoples to their economies, we request APEC economies and related fora to enable the participation of indigenous women and to encourage research that reflects their experiences with a view to addressing the specific challenges they face from trade liberalisation.

6. Urge APEC economies to enhance the capacity of micro, small and medium enterprises to thrive and participate in international trade, recognising the importance of this sector for women's participation in economic development.

7. Address the significant unmet demand for credit, savings, and other financial services among the low-income populations, especially women, by encouraging the development of commercially based microfinance institutions.

8. Target microenterprise assistance to business and market development programs for micro businesses, and to capacity building for the institutions that serve them.

9. Facilitate exchange of information within APEC on best practices in microenterprise development, financial services, and regulation and supervision of microfinance institutions in order to create an enabling environment for microenterprises.

10. Address the significant differences in the ways that trade liberalisation affects men and women. These differences must be taken into account to facilitate the better design and more accurate targeting of policies to ensure that trade liberalisation truly contributes to "shared prosperity for all".

11. Encourage APEC economies to support research, underpinned by sex-disaggregated data, designed to bring about a better understanding of the gender-differentiated impact of trade liberalisation.

12. Urge APEC economies to address the inequalities faced by women workers caused by industry restructuring due to trade liberalisation. Economies, relevant fora, including the Committee on Trade and Investment (CTI) and the Economic Committee (EC), are encouraged to address:

• The need for active labour-market measures to mitigate the impact of trade liberalisation, for example non-standard work conditions of women.
• The provision of adequate social safety nets that take account of the particular situations of women who are displaced or dislocated.
• The reduction and eventual elimination of labour market inequalities, including through the exchange of best practices in equal employment opportunities.
• The development and promotion of policies that balance work and family life, in particular care giving, and that take adequate account of women?s disproportionate share of the burden of unpaid work.

13. Encourage APEC economies to provide facilities and equipment that enhance women's and girls' capacity and involvement in ICTs and the knowledge-based economy. In particular, APEC economies should continue to evaluate, monitor and improve the situation of women, to enable full participation in the digital economy through access to education, access to knowledge and access to opportunity.

14. We urge all APEC economies to contribute to a shared prosperity within a secure region for the benefit of women, their businesses and their communities.

15. We wish to express our sincere appreciation to Mexico and the National Institute for Women for their warm hospitality, and thank all those involved in ensuring that this Meeting was a great success.